Buying of Private Brands and Manufacture of Brands Free Essays

Johanson and Burt article provides an analysis on recent decades’ trend of private labeled brands in European retail outlets—the trend is also gaining pace in North America. The authors are specifically interested in finding similarities and differences of purchasing processes of private brands verses those owned by independent manufacturers. Private brands are hereby taken to mean good, usually foodstuffs that bear retailers name. We will write a custom essay sample on Buying of Private Brands and Manufacture of Brands or any similar topic only for you Order Now Johanson and Burt highlight find that initial introduction of these brands into retailers’ shelves was marked with low quality and low prices. However, continued trade of these products has gradually been companied by improved quality to an extent of private brands becoming part of mainstream retailing business. For instance, private brands constitute of 40-50 percent of merchandise sold in British retail outlets (Johanson Burt 2000). This is in consideration that competitive pressure in retailing industry has sent participants out looking for ways to increase profit margins. Private brands have also been mentioned as sources of more variety of merchandise and therefore consumer choice at respective outlets (Bass Binder 2008). Players in the industry have therefore embarked on competing on the provision of low priced private brands, as well as increasing these brands’ loyalty in their already existing customer base. The purchasing of own private brands comes with greater responsibilities on companies and therefore complicate individual retail outlets’ operations. This is in consideration the on other brands, retailers are used to just ordering merchandise from respective manufacturers, but the new approach require retail management to be involved in every step of product development. For instance, retailers have to bore the responsibility of designing private brands, looking for manufacturers (or processors in the case of foodstuffs) and transporters to individual stores, as well as dealing with non sold items. The authors expressed fear that preoccupation with the above processes could derail retailers from their traditional occupation of buying and selling of merchandise and therefore suffer through decreased profit margins, especially because of the extra costs involved. However, private brands have the advantage of the greater amount of market information held by respective retailers. Indeed, shopping chains are more likely to undertaking deep research on merchandise that would fetch most profit margins as private brands (Mattsson 2008). Secondly, the heavy market powers held by private owners are more likely to attract discounts from manufactures and other businesses involved. Many are the companies that scrabble for contracts for manufacture or processing of private brands. Johanson and Burt (2000) have mentioned that success in private brands depend on three forms of integration within individual retail chains. First is vertical integration, which means coordination between retail chain and individual store outlet—this is important in developing efficient processes of moving private brands to from low demand to high demand territories. Second is the horizontal integration which comes to play when the retail chain has many stores that need to interact with each other. Efficient integration between different stores in the same chain and stakeholders is therefore central to successful private branding in retail stores. Johanson and Burt have did, in their article find integration as what has caused British chains to reap higher revenues through private brands. References Bass, A. Binder, S., 2008, Retail Space Invaders, Available At:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.brandchannel.com/papers_review.asp?sp_id=775 Mattsson, A., 2008, Global Retailers Increase Private Brand Goods, Available At:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.intertek- etlsemko.com/portal/page/cust_portal/ITK_PGR/ABOUT_INTERTEK_ETL_PG/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   OUR_NEWSROOM_PG/UPDATE_NEWSLETTER_PG/Update_2002/SUM02_  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   global_retail_article How to cite Buying of Private Brands and Manufacture of Brands, Papers

A literary analysis of toni mo Essay Example For Students

A literary analysis of toni mo Essay Slavery played a central role in the history of the United States. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and came to dominate agricultural production in the states from Maryland south. Eight of the first 12 presidents of the United States were slave owners. Debate over slavery increasingly dominated American politics, leading eventually to the American Civil War (1861-1865), which finally brought slavery to an end. After emancipation, overcoming slaverys legacy remained a crucial issue in American history, from Reconstruction following the war to the civil rights movement almost a hundred years later. 22) A bill has recently been proposed, by a white Ohio congressman to apologize for slavery. That congressman is Representative Tony Hall. Hall resolves That the congress apologizes to African-Americans whose ancestors suffered as slaves under the constitution of the United States of America until 1865 (Should the Government 8). The United States government should not issue an apology to African-Americans for slavery. An apology by the government for slavery would not heal the damage caused by two hundred forty four years of slavery. Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr. Says. †¦ a simple apology, without anything attached to it seems a little empty to me (Should the Government 9). There should be some type of reparation payments. If not monetary at least the forty acres and a mule which was promised to the slaves for participating in the Civil War. A government apology for slavery is a valid collective act, but it is valid only if it is accompanied by substance that repairs the damage that is the basis for the apology (Should the Government 9). In order for any type of reparation payments to be given the country would have to approve it. Most people do not approve reparation payments to blacks for slavery. A nightline ABC poll shows that seventy-seven percent of all Americans oppose reparations. Blacks favor reparations. Sixty-five percent of blacks support reparation payments to blacks for slavery. Most white people do not see it as being a good idea. Eighty-eight percent of whites oppose the idea of reparation payments (Should the Government?. 10)The governments apology would not be a direct interpretation of the feelings of America as a whole. Fifty-six percent of Americans oppose the idea of the government apologizing for slavery (Should the Government?. 8) The government and people of today had no control over what went on between 1619 and 1863. The government should not apologize for someone elses actions. When the United States apologized and gave reparation payments to the Japanese-Americans who were sent to concentration camps, the were not only directly involved but responsible for what happened (White). It is one thing to apologize for the sins of your own group, but it is quite another to speak in the name of people who feel no such involvement in your own sins. It seems as if the government is apologizing because they feel that they have to or because they apologized for everything else. Apologizing has an absurd, ritualistic and empty quality to it (Leo). An apology to African-Americans would kick off a list of more groups wanting apologies. The cycle of apologies would have to include the ancient Egyptians and Greeks and Muslims in Africa today(Leo). The question is what would help heal the wounds caused by slavery. The answer is monetary reparations would help ease the pain. J.E. White has outlined the perfect way for these payments to be calculated. The first slaves came to the United States in 1619, and the emancipation proclamation in 1863. That is 244 years of free labor given to slave owners by approximately ten million slaves. Multiplied by twenty-five cents a day, the going rate for unskilled labor back then, amounts to two hundred twenty two billion dollars. Another two hundred twenty two billion dollars added for pain and suffering; at three percent interest compound over the one hundred thirty four years since emancipation and that gives you twenty-four trillion dollars (White). .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 , .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .postImageUrl , .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 , .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252:hover , .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252:visited , .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252:active { border:0!important; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252:active , .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252 .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc43799bc6d50006537abf6ab569da252:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison Of Coleridge’S Rationalism To W EssayAn apology could be dangerous. Accepting an empty apology from the United States could make it seem as if this is the end of the issue slavery. The danger of an apology for slavery is that it may become the benediction, instead of the opening hymn!(Should the Government?. 10). Black people must hand this kind of apology back. Instead of worrying about an apology for something that happened in the past one should look forward. I think we should be looking to the future thinking about things we need to do to work together. (Apologia pua Amnesia) Accepting an apology could widen the gap between blacks and whites being s een equal by everyone. The gesture could direct attention away from our ability to close the gap between whites and African-Americans with real structure and investment.(Marino 12). Even though reparations would help, no apology or reparation would make up for those two hundred forty four years of blood, sweat, and tears shed by over ten million slaves. Works CitedApologia qua amnesia. The Nation 10 July 1997: 10. Leo, J. So Whos Sorry Now? U.S. News World Report 30 June 1997: 17. Marino, G. Apologize for Slavery? Commonweal 13 Feb. 1998: 11-14. Mazrui, A.A. Who Should Pay for Slavery? World Press Review August 1993: 22-23. Should the Government Apologize for Slavery? Jet 14 July 1997: 8-10. White, J.E. Sorry isnt Good Enough. Time 30 June 1997: 35.

The Fall Of The House Of Usher Essays (925 words) -

The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe The mind is a complicated thing. Not many stories are able to portray this in such an interesting manner as in Edgar Allan Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher. The haunting story of a man and his sister, living in the old family mansion. But as all should know, much symbolism can be found in most of Poe's works. The Fall of the House of Usher is no exception. First of all, we have the symbolisme of Roderick Ushers mind and the House of Usher coinciding. Both can be seem as one and the same. Residing in the house are both Roderick and his sister, Madeline. What can be translated from this is the age old hypothesis, the mind is divided in two parts: a male or rational part, and a female or emotionnal part. In Usher's mind, we can see that he has problems expressing his emotions, represented as Madeline's unknown sickness. When she finally dies, Roderick puts her away in an old dungeon t'ill she is to be buried. One could say that Usher is trying to forget about his emotions by throwing that part of his mind into the basement, or subconcious. He knows that if he can survive a fortnight without this emotional part in him, he'll be able to live without it for the rest of his days. Another symbol is the one of the fortnight. A fortnight is 14 days, or half a moon cycle. The full moon can be seen as another symbol for the unconcious mind or even the dark side in us all. Whereas a new moon represents the concious or good side in us all. Madeline was locked away just at the beginning of the full moons half cycle. In other words, Roderick knew that this was the worst time for his sister to die, she could easily comeback, using the moons dark power. Unfourtunatly, on the night of the full moon, or the wost night of turmoil for Usher's mind, Roderick's sister comes back from the dead to kill him. In other words, the one thing he wanted to get rid of comes back and puts an end to his already fragile mind. Thia is why The House of Usher collapses and falls to ruins into the swampy pool in front of it. Basically, Usher's mind collapses right down the middle, just where the male and female parts of the mind are seperated. Along with the swampy pool, the exterior of the house also plays a symbolic role in this story. The land around the house has a lack of colour and healthy vegetation. This can be said to represent Usher's surroundings. They are dark, plagued and hopeless. Perhaps these surroundings are the source of his depression, or perhaps only a part of it. From afar, the house seems stable. Quite in good shape in fact, but upon closer inspection, it can be seen that the house's innards are rotten. The house, along with Usher's mind, are about to crumble. Another resemblance between Roderick and his house is how the hair on his forhead seems to match the web work of eaves along the houses facade. These eaves, acting as a parasite, start from the top of the house and make there way down. In other words, this parasite, plaguing Usher's mind, started in his concious mind and worked it's way into his unconcious mind. Roderick's thin pale lips can represent the thin line of life keeping him in check. His pale and cadaverous features resemble the dark and cold look of the house. All these images show us that Usher is not long for this world. Near the end of the work, the narrator decides to tell Roderick a story to calm his soul and give him stregnth. During this time, Roderick is a nervous, paranoid wreck. He keeps saying that his sister will come back. The book read by our narrator to Roderick tells the story of a knight on his way to see a magician of some sort. In his place, he finds a dragon he must slay. Once the dragon is down, our heros prize, a wonderfull sheild, falls to the ground instead of in the heros hands.

Differences between Action and Stative Verbs

Differences between Action and Stative Verbs All verbs in English are classified as either stative or action verbs (also referred to as dynamic verbs). Action verbs describe actions we take (things we do) or things that happen. Stative verbs refer to the way things are - their appearance, state of being, smell, etc. The most important difference between stative and action verbs is that action verbs can be used in continuous tenses and stative verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Action Verbs Shes studying math with Tom at the moment. AND She studies math with Tom every Friday. Theyve been working since seven oclock this morning. AND They worked for two hours yesterday afternoon. Well be having a meeting when you arrive. AND We are going to meet next Friday. Stative Verbs The flowers smell lovely. NOT Those flowers are smelling lovely. She heard him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. NOT She was hearing him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. Theyll love the concert tomorrow evening. NOT Theyll be loving the concert tomorrow evening. Common Stative Verbs There are many more action verbs than stative verbs. Here is a list of some the most common stative verbs: Be -  He is from Dallas, TX in the Southwest.Hate -  She hates ironing clothes, but doesnt want to wear them wrinkled.Like -  I like spending time with my friends.  Love  - She loves her children just as any mother loves her children.Need -  Im afraid I dont need a new pair of shoes.  Belong -  Do these keys belong to you?Believe -  Jason believes the news about the company, but I dont.Cost - How much does that book cost?Get -  I get the situation, but I still dont know the answer.Impress -  Does Tom impress you with all his knowledge?Know - She knows the answer, but she doesnt want to give it away.Reach - Can I reach and take the hamburger?Recognize -  Susan recognizes the need for a discussion.Taste -  The wine tastes very fruity, but still has a dry finish.Think -  I think thats a good idea.  Understand -  Do you understand the question? You may notice that some of these verbs can be used as action verbs with different meanings. For example, the verb to think can either express an opinion ​or the process of considering. In the first case, when think expresses an opinion it is stative: I think she should work harder on her math.She thinks he is a fantastic singer. Think, however, can also express the process of considering something. In this case think is an action verb: Theyre thinking about buying a new house.Shes thinking of joining a health club. Generally, stative verbs fall into four groups: Verbs Showing Thought or Opinions Know -  She knows the answer to the question.Believe -  Do you believe what he says every time?Understand - I understand the situation very well.Recognize -  She recognizes him from high school.   Verbs Showing Possession Have -  I have a car and a dog.Own -  Peter owns a motorcycle and a scooter, but no car.Belong -  Do you belong to the fitness club?Possess -  She possesses an incredible talent for talking. Verbs Showing Senses Hear -  I hear someone in the other room.Smell -  It smells bad in here. Did you fart?See -  I see three trees in the yard.Feel -  I feel happy this afternoon.   Verbs Showing Emotion Love -  I love listening to classical music.Hate -  She hates to get up early every day.Want -  I want some help with my homework.Need -  I need some time with my friends.   If you are unsure of whether a verb is an action verb or a stative verb ask yourself the following question: Does this verb relate some sort of process or a state? If it relates a process, then the verb is an action verb. If it relates a state, the verb is a stative verb.

US President Mr. George W. Bush Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

US President Mr. George W. Bush - Essay Example Dear Mr. President, please accept my sincere regards on behalf of CatttleMag. I wish to put forth our recent findings on feedlots. Sir, as you know, we have a large cattle population that is of immense importance to our economy. We are also the world's largest consumers of dairy products.The cattle products are vital to our food habits, the diary and meat products are consumed internally as well as exported and cattle are pivotal to our thriving leather business. The above only strengthen the fact that the US internal production of dairy is not enough and if we can utilize our potential, the industry can generate economical prosperity and employment.The US is the world’s largest consumer of dairy products. The US is also the largest importer of dairy products. A look into the consumption pattern shows a huge domestic demand for cattle products. The lack of cattle feedlots and their improper distribution across the country is a logistical challenge and an environmental hazard. Added to these are reports that suggest improper material management at the cattle feedlots causing serious environmental concerns. Unfortunately, these bright lights harbor darkness beneath them. The cattle feedlots that cater to the country are also a major health concern. Improper handling of livestock, poor slaughtering, and waste and carcass management has given rise to obnoxious fumes that not only smell bad but also have adverse respiratory implications. This is amid reports that in the race to have higher production, cattle are allowed to feed on grass for just 6 to 8 months. Their life at the cattle feedlots is spent feeding on grains, with loads of antibiotics, chemicals and hormones to promote unnatural growth over the next 8 to 12 months. This fattening on unnatural grain and supplemental protein diet causes of two serious digestive disorders found in feedlot-bred cattle. These call for immediate legislative actions so that the animals are treated ethically and environme ntal standards maintained in our culinary and economic quests FOCUS STATEMENT Sir, cattle feedlots are crucial to successful cattle health and associated economy management. Cattle feedlots: 1. Minimize streamline handling of cattle and reduce stress on both cattle and the workers, 2. Environmental balance is maintained, 3. Cattle feed and feeding habits are standardized, 4. Ensures scientific waste management, and 5. Ensures an efficient and profitable operation But the above has to be achieved within scientific standards of the environment and should confirm to ethical standards of treatment to animals. This is even more important after recent revelations that the industry has also failed to implement any type of welfare audit system for cattle operations and no federal laws protect the welfare of beef cattle in the U.S., other than the Humane Method of Slaughter Act. There should be monitoring of the cattle feed in the feedlots to check use of growth promoting medications that not only sicken the cattle but also put human health at risk on consumption of dairy products and meat of these cattle. BACKGROUND / NARRATION Since 1980, US has been the single largest importer of dairy products from New Zealand, valued at over $1000 million in 2004 alone. Till 2003, US has been the largest consumer of cheese and butter and ranked among the highest in overall consumption of dairy products. (U.S. Dairy at a New Crossroads in a Global Setting1). Kansas ranks third in the value of live animals and meat exported to other countries at $343.2 million (CJOnline2). A recent study suggests that in spite of the pivotal role of cattle in the economy, the cattle industry has failed to maintain meaningful standards for the care of beef cattle (Summary of Scientific Evidence Illustrates the Life of Cattle 3). It is indeed unfortunate. And that makes formulation of new policies essential. It must be appreciated by all concerned that an industry takes considerable time to lose its position and relevance. But once that happens, it will take even longer to regain the position. In the backdrop of a global economy, our present position & success and the outlook of our counterparts, it is essential that we look at the reasons for the collective success, find our weaknesses and

Analysis of Hyundai Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Hyundai Motor Company - Essay Example The company in focus for this paper is Hyundai motors. Hyundai is a Korea based company but it has grown steadily in the automotive market over the past few years. Automotive industry is highly competitive these days, according to Bloomberg Businessweek (2012), the US automotive market is highly competitive these days, home companies like General Motors, Ford Motor Co. and Chrysler Group LLC are expected to lose market share to companies like Toyota and Honda. Hyundai Motor Co. has reported to have doubled its share in US automotive market as compared to their share in 2005. It is still expected to gain 0.1 % market share more than the last year. According to the customer retention study carried out by J.D. Power and associates in 2011, Hyundai has been declared to be number one in customer retention. According to the study Hyundai’s customer retention rate has increased by 4 points thus raising it to 64% in the year 2012, which implies that among the automotive brands custome rs were the most loyal towards Hyundai. Its brand name is currently measured to be nearly $5 billion. As the future of every company is based on the relations it has with its customers, thus it’s safe to say that Hyundai's future seems even more promising. In this paper the company’s performance will be analyzed as to see whether its market share value, which is currently $ 203.16 (Won 229,000), according to the company’s overview, reflects the actual performance of the company or not. As the consolidated reports for the year ended 2011 are not available yet, so the analysis will be carried out for the year ended 2008 to year ended 2010. Along with the comparison with last years, the performance of the company will also be compared with the financial performance of Toyota Corp. Financial Analysis As the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the reflection of the company’s performance on its share value, the basic analysis will be carried out on the profita bility of the company with relation to the shareholders’ equity. Keeping the performance of the company from the year 2008 to 2010 in mind, it will be analyzed how the company is performing over the past few years as well as with its competitor Toyota Corp. The profit margin of the company drastically fell to 4.42% from 13.7% in 2009. The company has been able to recover a bit, the profit margin has increased to 7.09% in 2010, and even though the consolidated statements of the company for the year 2011 are not yet released, it has been reported that Hyundai has broken its sales records in the year 2011, so a probable increase in profitability can also be predicted. As opposed to the sketchy performance over these years, the company is still doing better as compared to Toyota Corp., which reported a profit margin of only 1.54% in the year 2010. A company’s revenue is highly dependent on the fact that how the company is utilizing its assets for generating sales every yea r, as is defined by the net return on assets, which has prominently increased for Hyundai over these three years from 2.71% to 19.3%, it would

Kerouac and Moon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kerouac and Moon - Essay Example These two people are Dean and Sal. In the course of their journeys around New York, there are several fascinating encounters the two friends come across that both enlightens their views and opinion about the American person and also gives them a peculiar identify of where they two of them also belong in the American society or system. On his part, Heat-Moon William Least in writing Blue Highways takes the story from the perspective of someone who is not meeting love right away but bitterness and pain. This was because the journey that is described in this book was embarked upon by someone who had just separated from his wife and also lost his lost. As a way of finding solace from not just the brighter side of life but the ugly part of it also, the voyager decides to travel along the rural part of America that is often marked by a blue line in Rand McNally road atlas and thus the Blue Highway. It could briefly be said that both works are similar because they are all based on journeys of the life of real people while the setting of the journeys and the causes of the journey brings out the differences in the two books. Likes among both writers Both authors exhibit in their writing and the narration of their journeys, certain things they like about America that are common in both instances. One of these is the seemingly clear love for alcohol. This is shown because Kerouac emphasizes his love for big party with alcohol (Kerouac, p. 53). Similarly, Moon reiterates his love to drink a lot of alcohol (Moon, p. 6). Clearly, reasons as to why these two writers both love the abundance of alcoholic drinks in America could be traced to the circumstances surrounding their trip. On the part of Kerouac, it could be said that he was just putting himself in the most common kind of mood that new friends and lovers put themselves in, which has to do with the sharing of drinks and alcohol to make themselves feel so good. On his part, Moon might have taken to the love for alcohol a s a way of dealing with the pain and grief that his heart bore. The love for alcohol is thus similar among the two writers but the reasons for liking alcohol is quite different. Both writers also exhibit their likeness for music and dancing. Though Moon traveled through the rural part of America and Kerouac travelled through New York, it is common to find that music and dance is something that is synonymous with all parts of America being it rural or urban. This is because while Kerouac who was in the heart of the city wrote that he loves music and dance (Kerouac, p. 53), Moon who was also in the rural setting also wrote that he loves to enjoy his life by dancing off his stress (Moon, p. 9). Regardless of this similarity however, it can be said that the sources of enjoyment that came with music and dance for the two writers were different. For instance in the city, one is likely to party in places like the discotheque or club while in the rural area, all that there is to offer are p ubs and little bars and restaurants. Again, there exist differences in terms of causes of action. This is because while Kerouac’s action was caused by the desire to make himself happy with his friend, Moon’s action was caused by the need to throw off his sorrows. Dislikes among both writers As normal people, it would not be every single thing that these two individuals see about America that they will love. This is especially so as the two had to travel around different places in America. Indeed once a person is travelling around; it is common that he fellow will come across different people and different events that will trigger the person’